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On Sept. 24,NASA ’s OSIRIS - REx spacecraft will come hurtling through Earth ’s atmosphere , carrying samples of the nearby , " potentially hazardous " asteroid Bennu .
The return is the climax of a seven - year flight — start with the spacecraft ’s 2016 launching — that was the first U.S. mission to collect a sample distribution from an asteroid . Once analyzed , the sample promises to yield vital details about how life in thesolar systembegan and about the movement of an asteroid that could one Clarence Day crash violently into Earth .
OSIRIS-REx launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 411 rocket on Sept. 8, 2016 at 7:05 pm EDT.
Here ’s everything you need to know about the OSIRIS - REx mission .
What is OSIRIS-REx?
The OSIRIS - REx ( short for the Origins , Spectral Interpretation , Resource Identification , Security - Regolith Explorer ) spacecraft was developed for NASA by Lockheed Martin . It is roughly the size of a avant-garde and , when fully fuel , weighs around 4,650 pounds ( 2,110 kilograms ) .
Besides folding solar instrument panel , onboard cameras , and equipment to map out Bennu ’s surface , OSIRIS - REx is fit with a 10 - foot - long ( 3 meters ) sample sleeve for call up chunks of rock from the asteroid .
After returning the samples to Earth , OSIRIS - REx is due to launch again in 2029 — this time , to the asteroid Apophis , another potentially risky near - earthly concern asteroid laden with challenging subsurface materials .
OSIRIS-REx begins to separate from its Centaur rocket during its Sept. 8, 2016 journey in space.
What is Bennu?
OSIRIS - REx ’s first fair game , Bennu , is an 85.5 million - ton ( 77.5 million measured tons ) space rock that is on track to swoop within 4.6 million miles ( 7.5 million km ) of Earth ’s orbit between 2175 and 2199 . If Bennu , which is as wide as the Empire State Building is tall , were to mosh into Earth , the estimated energising vigor released would be 1,200 megaton — roughly 80,000 times corking than the energy of the bomb dropp ved on Hiroshima , Japan .
Whether this collision will occur is unknown . The projected odds ( the highest for any known asteroid ) are slight , at just 1 in 2,700 , but irregular alterations to Bennu ’s cranial orbit , made always by tiny nudges from starlight , could still switch it onto a collision course with Earth .
Why is OSIRIS-REx important?
The nudges provided toasteroidsby the Lord’s Day are known as the Yarkovsky upshot . Named after the nineteenth - century engineer who first proposed it , the effect report the fact that blank space rock-and-roll such as asteroids would , over long catamenia , absorb and emit enough impulse - carrying Christ Within to subtly change their orbits .
quantify the Yarkovsky issue is important to identifying and forecast which asteroids are potentially hazardous .
In fact , to shore the spacecraft on Bennu , OSIRIS - REx ’s scientists made the mostprecise measurement of the consequence yet . They have made a similarly accurate measurement of the force on OSIRIS - REx ’s next butt — the potentially hazardous Apophis .
Technicians assemble OSIRIS-REx near Denver, Colorado.
Asteroids like Bennu are n’t authoritative just for understanding how life on our planet could be destroyed but also for how it was carry . Earth ’s body of water is older than the planet itself and was probably brought to our planet by asteroid andcomet impact .
But weewee was n’t the only material asteroid brought to Earth ; the building blocks of life belike hitched a drive on a space rock , too . Bennu is a B - type asteroid , which signify it check high amount ofcarbonand , potentially , many of the primordial molecules present when life emerged on Earth .
Some of these edifice auction block ( including uracil , one of the nucleobases for RNA ) were recentlyfound on the asteroid Ryuguby the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft , which returned to Earth with its sample in 2020 . OSIRIS - male monarch delegacy scientists are hoping to find out other intriguing potential precursors for Earth ’s biology on Bennu .
The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft prior to the start of environmental testing.
How did OSIRIS-REx land on Bennu?
After found from Cape Canaveral , Florida , in September 2016 , OSIRIS - REx spent the next year performing a close flyby of Earth . At its closest approach over Antarctica , the spacecraft flew roughly 10,700 miles ( 17,200 kilometre ) overhead — a maneuver that enabled it to slingshot itself to Bennu by increasing its speed by 8,451 mph ( 13,601 kilometer / h ) .
Upon arriving at Bennu , OSIRIS - REx made a series of finely - tune blow to put it into orbit around the bantam asteroid . Then , for nearly two years , the spacecraft canvas Bennu ’s surface , take side - by - side pic that were later stitched into stereoscopic trope ( made by Queen guitar player Brian May , who work with the team ) to give scientists the better view of what would make for a secure and scientifically valuable landing place website .
After much advisement , the researchers settled on a rocky site they named Nightingale , which OSIRIS - REx touched down upon on Oct. 20 , 2020 . To stick the landing and not sink completely through the detritus - pile asteroid ’s control surface , the spacecraft fire a nimble bam of N gasoline from its Touch - and - Go Sample - Acquisition Mechanism ( TAGSAM ) .
OSIRIS-REx enters one of its last phases of testing.
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Besides stabilizing OSIRIS - REx on Bennu ’s surface , TAGSAM ship detritus and broken rock candy aviate into its sample chamber , which collected so much more of the material than expected ( more than 2 ounces , or 60 g ) that it in brief had worry close .
With another eruption of its pusher , OSIRIS - REx lifted off from Bennu ’s surface , completing a number of flyovers before leaving the asteroid for Earth in May 2021 . On Sept. 24 , 2023 , the spacecraft will bring in the Utah desert . Once the samples are cautiously collected to avoid any pic to out-of-door contamination , they will be post to multiple labs for analysis .
