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Physiology or music was the third prize orbit Alfred Nobel name in his will put out his indirect request for theNobel Prize . In 2024 , the prize add up with an honour of 11 million Swedish krona , equivalent to $ 1.06 million .
Here are the winners from 1901 to today :
The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine went to the discoverers of a specific type of RNA (green molecule on the right).
2024 : Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun , " for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post - transcriptional gene regularization . "
2023 : Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman , " for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the growing of in force mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 . "
2022 : Svante Pääbo , " for his discoveries concern the genome of extinct hominins and human evolution . "
2021 : David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian , " for their discoveries of receptor for temperature and touch modality . "
2020 : Harvey J. Alter , Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice , " for the find of Hepatitis C computer virus . "
2019 : William G. Kaelin Jr. , Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza , jointly " for their breakthrough of how cells sense and adapt to atomic number 8 accessibility . "
2018 : James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo , collectively , " for their discovery of cancer therapy by prohibition of negative immune ordinance . " Their find involved two unlike protein that put the brake on a person ’s immune system . By figuring out how to release these brake , the researchers were able to draw rein a mortal ’s own resistant scheme to fight various types of cancer .
2017 : Jeffrey C. Hall , Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young " for their discovery of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm . "
2016 : Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discovery of autophagy , or " self - eating , " in barm cellular telephone , revealing that human cells also partake in this unexpended cellular outgrowth , which has also been link up to disease .
2015 : William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura were jointly fordiscovering a new discussion for infections because of nematode worm sponge . Youyou Tu was awarded the other one-half of the Nobel for attain a drug to campaign malaria .
2014 : John O’Keefe , May - Britt Moser and her husband Edvard I. Moser , " fortheir discovery of prison cell that plant a position system in the encephalon . "
2013 : James Rothman , Randy Schekman and Thomas Südhof , for their piece of work in revealinghow cell see to it the delivery and release of molecule — such as hormones , protein and neurotransmitter .
2012 : Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka , for theirgroundbreaking work on stem cellular phone .
2011 : Bruce Beutler , Jules Hoffmann , and Dr. Ralph Steinman , " for their find concerning the activation of innate immunity . "
2010 : Robert G. Edwards , " for the developing of in vitro fertilisation . "
2009 : Elizabeth H. Blackburn , Carol W. Greider , Jack W. Szostak , " for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase . "
2008 : Harald zur Hausen , " for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer " and Françoise Barré - Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier , " for their uncovering of human immunodeficiency computer virus . "
2007 : Mario R. Capecchi , Sir Martin J. Evans , Oliver Smithies , " for their uncovering of principle for acquaint specific factor modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells . "
2006 : Andrew Z. Fire , Craig C. Mello , " for their breakthrough of RNA interference — gene silencing by double - strand RNA . "
2005 : Barry J. Marshall , J. Robin Warren , " for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylorus and its persona in gastritis and peptic ulceration disease . "
2004 : Richard Axel , Linda B. Buck , " for their find of odorant sense organ and the organization of the olfactory arrangement . "
2003 : Paul C. Lauterbur , Sir Peter Mansfield , " for their discovery concern magnetic resonance imaging . "
2002 : Sydney Brenner , H. Robert Horvitz , John E. Sulston , " for their discoveries concerning ' genetic regulation of organ growing and programmed cell decease . "
2001 : Leland H. Hartwell , Tim Hunt , Sir Paul M. Nurse , " for their uncovering of fundamental regulator of the cadre wheel . "
2000 : Arvid Carlsson , Paul Greengard , Eric R. Kandel , " for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous organisation . "
1999 : Günter Blobel , " for the discovery that protein have intrinsic signal that order their transportation and localization of function in the cell . "
1998 : Robert F. Furchgott , Louis J. Ignarro , Ferid Murad , " for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signaling corpuscle in the cardiovascular system . "
1997 : Stanley B. Prusiner , " for his uncovering of Prions - a new biological principle of infection . "
1996 : Peter C. Doherty , Rolf M. Zinkernagel , " for their uncovering occupy the specificity of the cell mediated resistant defense . "
1995 : Edward B. Lewis , Christiane Nüsslein - Volhard , Eric F. Wieschaus , " for their discoveries concerning the familial control of early embryonic development . "
1994 : Alfred G. Gilman , Martin Rodbell , " for their find of G - proteins and the theatrical role of these protein in signal transduction in cells . "
1993 : Richard J. Roberts , Phillip A. Sharp , " for their discoveries of split genes . "
1992 : Edmond H. Fischer , Edwin G. Krebs , " for their discoveries worry reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulative mechanism . "
1991 : Erwin Neher , Bert Sakmann , " for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channel in cells . "
1990 : Joseph E. Murray , E. Donnall Thomas , " for their uncovering interest Hammond organ and mobile phone transplantation in the discussion of human disease . "
1989 : J. Michael Bishop , Harold E. Varmus , " for their uncovering of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes . "
1988 : Sir James W. Black , Gertrude B. Elion , George H. Hitchings , " for their discovery of important principles for drug discourse . "
1987 : Susumu Tonegawa , " for his discovery of the genetic principle for propagation of antibody variety . "
1986 : Stanley Cohen , Rita Levi - Montalcini , " for their discoveries of growth factors . "
1985 : Michael S. Brown , Joseph L. Goldstein , " for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism . "
1984 : Niels K. Jerne , Georges J.F. Köhler , César Milstein , " for theories concerning the specificity in development and ascendency of the immune system and the find of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies . "
1983 : Barbara McClintock , " for her discovery of nomadic genetical elements . "
1982 : Sune K. Bergström , Bengt I. Samuelsson , John R. Vane , " for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances . "
1981 : Roger W. Sperry , " for his discoveries concerning the functional speciality of the intellectual hemisphere " and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel , " for their discoveries concerning data processing in the ocular arrangement . "
1980 : Baruj Benacerraf , Jean Dausset , George D. Snell , " for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell control surface that mold immunologic reactions . "
1979 : Allan M. Cormack , Godfrey N. Hounsfield , " for the evolution of computer assisted tomography . "
1978 : Werner Arber , Daniel Nathans , Hamilton O. Smith , " for the discovery of restriction enzyme and their program to problem of molecular genetics . "
1977 : Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally , " for their find concerning the peptide endocrine product of the brain " and Rosalyn Yalow , " for the development of radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones . "
1976 : Baruch S. Blumberg , D. Carleton Gajdusek , " for their uncovering touch new mechanism for the origin and dispersal of infectious disease . "
1975 : David Baltimore , Renato Dulbecco , Howard Martin Temin , " for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour virus and the genetical fabric of the cubicle . "
1974 : Albert Claude , Christian de Duve , George E. Palade , " for their discoveries concerning the geomorphological and functional organization of the cell . "
1973 : Karl von Frisch , Konrad Lorenz , Nikolaas Tinbergen , " for their discoveries have-to doe with organization and elicitation of individual and societal behaviour pattern . "
1972 : Gerald M. Edelman , Rodney R. Porter , " for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies . "
1971 : Earl W. Sutherland , Jr. , " for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the activeness of endocrine . "
1970 : Sir Bernard Katz , Ulf von Euler , Julius Axelrod , " for their find concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage , release and inactivation . "
1969 : Max Delbrück , Alfred D. Hershey , Salvador E. Luria , " for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetical body structure of virus . "
1968 : Robert W. Holley , Har Gobind Khorana , Marshall W. Nirenberg , " for their interpretation of the genetic computer code and its function in protein synthesis . "
1967 : Ragnar Granit , Haldan Keffer Hartline , George Wald , " for their discoveries concern the elemental physiological and chemical visual process in the eye . "
1966 : Peyton Rous , " for his discovery of tumour - inducing virus " and Charles Brenton Huggins , " for his discovery refer hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer . "
1965 : François Jacob , André Lwoff , Jacques Monod , " for their discoveries concerning transmissible control of enzyme and virus synthesis . "
1964 : Konrad Bloch , Feodor Lynen , " for their find come to the mechanics and regularisation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism . "
1963 : Sir John Carew Eccles , Alan Lloyd Hodgkin , Andrew Fielding Huxley , " for their discoveries touch the ionic chemical mechanism call for in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central fortune of the mettle cellphone tissue layer . "
1962 : Francis Harry Compton Crick , James Dewey Watson , Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins , " for their discoveries concerning the molecular social structure of nucleic acids and its import for information transfer in aliveness material . "
1961 : Georg von Békésy , " for his discovery of the strong-arm mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea . "
1960 : Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet , Peter Brian Medawar , " for discovery of acquire immunological allowance . "
1959 : Severo Ochoa , Arthur Kornberg , " for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biologic synthesis of ribonucleic superman and deoxyribonucleic acid . "
1958 : George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum , " for their breakthrough that genes act by regulate definite chemical event " and Joshua Lederberg , " for his discovery concerning inherited recombination and the organization of the genetic fabric of bacterium . "
1957 : Daniel Bovet , " for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of sure body substances , and especially their action on the vascular organization and the skeletal brawn . "
1956 : André Frédéric Cournand , Werner Forssmann , Dickinson W. Richards , " for their discovery concerning nub catheterization and pathologic alteration in the circulative system . "
1955 : Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell , " for his discoveries come to the nature and manner of action of oxidisation enzyme . "
1954 : John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , Frederick Chapman Robbins , " for their discovery of the power of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue paper . "
1953 : Hans Adolf Krebs , " for his discovery of the citric back breaker cycle " and Fritz Albert Lipmann " for his discovery of co - enzyme A and its grandness for intermediary metabolic process . "
1952 : Selman Abraham Waksman , " for his uncovering of streptomycin , the first antibiotic efficacious against tuberculosis . "
1951 : Max Theiler , " for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it . "
1950 : Edward Calvin Kendall , Tadeus Reichstein , Philip Showalter Hench , " for their discoveries pertain to the hormones of the adrenal cortex , their body structure and biologic burden . "
1949 : Walter Rudolf Hess , " for his discovery of the useable system of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs " and Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz , " for his breakthrough of the therapeutic economic value of prefrontal lobotomy in sealed psychosis . "
1948 : Paul Hermann Müller , " for his uncovering of the gamy efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropod . "
1947 : Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Theresa Cori , née Radnitz , " for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of animal starch " and Bernardo Alberto Houssay , " for his discovery of the part act by the internal secretion of the prior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar . "
1946 : Hermann Joseph Muller , " for the uncovering of the product of mutation by mean of X - ray irradiation . "
1945 : Sir Alexander Fleming , Ernst Boris Chain , Sir Howard Walter Florey , " for the uncovering of penicillin and its sanative effect in various infectious disease . "
1944 : Joseph Erlanger , Herbert Spencer Gasser , " for their discovery relating to the extremely differentiated functions of single brass fibers . "
1943 : Henrik Carl Peter Dam , Edward Adelbert Doisy , " for his discovery of vitamin K " and Edward Adelbert Doisy"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K. "
1942 : No Nobel Prize awarded
1941 : No Nobel Prize awarded
1940 : No Nobel Prize awarded
1939 : Gerhard Domagk , " for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil . "
1938 : Corneille Jean François Heymans , " for the discovery of the role play by the venous sinus and aortal mechanisms in the regulation of respiration . "
1937 : Albert von Szent - Györgyi Nagyrápolt , " for his find in connexion with the biologic combustion processes , with particular reference to vitamin cytosine and the catalysis of fumaric acid . "
1936 : Sir Henry Hallett Dale , Otto Loewi , " for their discoveries tie in to chemical transmission of nerve impulses . "
1935 : Hans Spemann , " for his find of the organizer effect in embryonic development . "
1934 : George Hoyt Whipple , George Richards Minot , William Parry Murphy , " for their find interest liver therapy in event of anemia . "
1933 : Thomas Hunt Morgan , " for his find concerning the role toy by the chromosome in heredity . "
1932 : Sir Charles Scott Sherrington , Edgar Douglas Adrian , " for their discoveries regarding the functions of nerve cell . "
1931 : Otto Heinrich Warburg , " for his discovery of the nature and mode of military action of the respiratory enzyme . "
1930 : Karl Landsteiner , " for his discovery of human rakehell groups . "
1929 : Christiaan Eijkman , " for his uncovering of the antineuritic vitamin " and Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins , " for his find of the growth - stimulating vitamin . "
1928 : Charles Jules Henri Nicolle , " for his study on typhus . "
1927 : Julius Wagner - Jauregg , " for his find of the sanative economic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica . "
1926 : Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger , " for his find of the Spiroptera carcinoma . "
1925 : No Nobel Prize grant
1924 : Willem Einthoven , " for his discovery of the chemical mechanism of the ECG . "
1923 : Frederick Grant Banting , John James Rickard Macleod , " for the uncovering of insulin . "
1922 : Archibald Vivian Hill , " for his discovery relating to the production of heating in the muscleman " and Otto Fritz Meyerhof , " for his uncovering of the fixed relationship between the use of atomic number 8 and the metabolism of lactic acid in the brawn . "
1921 : No Nobel Prize awarded
1920 : Schack August Steenberg Krogh , " for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism . "
1919 : Jules Bordet , " for his breakthrough relating to immunity . "
1918 : No Nobel Prize present
1917 : No Nobel Prize awarded
1916 : No Nobel Prize award
1915 : No Nobel Prize awarded
1914 : Robert Bárány , " for his body of work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus . "
1913 : Charles Robert Richet , " in recognition of his study on anaphylaxis . "
1912 : Alexis Carrel , " in credit of his work on vascular suture and the transplanting of blood vessels and organs . "
1911 : Allvar Gullstrand , " for his work on the dioptrics of the oculus . "
1910 : Albrecht Kossel , " in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemical science made through his work on protein , let in the nucleic nub . "
1909 : Emil Theodor Kocher , " for his work on the physiology , pathology and surgical procedure of the thyroid gland gland . "
1908 : Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov , Paul Ehrlich , " in recognition of their work on resistance . "
1907 : Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran , " in recognition of his workplace on the role flirt by protozoa in stimulate disease . "
1906 : Camillo Golgi , Santiago Ramón y Cajal , " in acknowledgement of their piece of work on the structure of the flighty system . "
1905 : Robert Koch , " for his investigations and uncovering in copulation to tuberculosis . "
1904 : Ivan Petrovich Pavlov , " in acknowledgement of his work on the physiology of digestion , through which knowledge on lively aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged . "
1903 : Niels Ryberg Finsen , " in recognition of his donation to the intervention of diseases , specially lupus vulgaris , with saturated light radiation , whereby he has opened a unexampled avenue for medical scientific discipline . "
1902 : Ronald Ross , " for his study on malaria , by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the fundament for successful research on this disease and method of combating it . "
1901 : Emil Adolf von Behring , " for his work on serum therapy , peculiarly its program against diphtheria , by which he has opened a fresh route in the knowledge domain of medical science and thereby identify in the hands of the doctor a victorious weapon system against illness and deaths . "
